Portfolio-4

Portfolio 4 Li Lu

Whenever I have to do my engineering assignment, I always find it a difficult and frustrating task. This is not only because to write an academic essay, we must have a certain amount of technical background and professional knowledge, but also because we have to form the academic style. Sometimes I really have something to write or to say, but what makes me crazy is to find the best way to show it in proper academic English. I have problems in writing logically and cohesively, so it is challenging for me to convince my readers.

While writing academic English, I have problems mainly in the following three aspects:

First, I find myself deeply influenced by my mother tongue. I grew up in China and received my previous education there. So my previous knowledge about engineering and techniques are all in Chinese sentence structures, deeply rooting in my head. When I am using that information, I am quite afraid that my sentences are heavily influenced by Chinese structure. In order to ensure that my readers canS understand them, I sometimes have to see the English sentences from the original sources very often, and in this way I may trap in the plagiarism.

Second, it is not easy to illustrate what I mean precisely. In an informal talk, a listener can always interrupt and ask for clarification and most of these conversations deal with topics of shared and developing ideas. However, in academic writing, this is not possible as we usually do with professional issues in a certain field which may not be familiar with ordinary people. So how to express my ideas as exactly as possible worries me a lot.

Third, it seems very confused for me to write according to the conventions of the subject. Because of the difficulty of the content, different fields have developed different habits of thought and expression to help communication. So as students, we have to learn the technical vocabulary of the subject, which takes a lot of efforts.

Besides the three challenges above, to fulfill the academic requirements, we have to get references and look for reliable sources, and I think it is also a nightmare because it may take a lot of time.

Although facing so many obstacles, I will not give up. I try to solve them by reading more academic essays and remember some useful sentence structures. Moreover, there are many sources in SELF and the book “Focus on Vocabulary” is especially designed for our vocabulary problems. By reading more about these books as well as participating in EF1471, I am sure I can have a great progress in writing academic English.

Portfolio 3

Portfolio 3 Li Lu
Science and technology on the front line against terrorism
Winning the war on terrorism and securing the homeland will require innovative science and technology solutions. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is in an excellent position to develop science and technology for strengthening America's ability to defend itself against terrorism.
For years, our scientists and engineers have worked on identifying and understanding proliferation and terrorism signatures, systems to collect materials, sensors to quantify and characterize these materials and techniques that assist in analyzing possible terrorism events. The Laboratory has made significant contributions to counterterrorism and infrastructure protection. We have teamed with organizations to ensure our air and seaports are protected from terrorist attacks. Around the globe and at home, we've trained border enforcement officials--as well as U.S. Customs inspectors--to thwart the smuggling of chemical, biological, or nuclear materials across borders.
Laying the groundwork for innovation
The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 have elevated the need to develop and move technologies into use to combat terrorism and secure the homeland. As a leader in homeland security within the region and nationally, PNNL has established a Homeland Security Program Office to serve as a contact for our diverse homeland security-related research.
PNNL also is establishing the Northwest Center for Excellence for Homeland Security Science and Technology, which includes creating a national center for visual analytics in collaboration with the University of Washington, Washington State University and Oregon State University. In addition, the Laboratory is forming the Northwest Homeland Security Consortium with industry and government partners.
Finally, we're expanding capabilities at the Marine Sciences Laboratory in Sequim, Wash., to include a Coastal Security Institute. Through this institute, researchers will develop new technologies to meet national and international challenges associated with protecting marine and coastal environments.
Developing intelligence and counterintelligence tools
To anticipate the next generation of information visualization tools in today's information-rich environment, we need to integrate information from multiple sources, interpret the data and make decisions quickly. A key thrust at PNNL is Sensors and Information Analytics (SIA) --the processes for collecting, managing, synthesizing, analyzing and communicating raw data into knowledge, which enables discovery of the unexpected. Our aim with SIA is to develop breakthrough analytic technologies to improve the probability of detecting and preventing strategic surprise.
We're also leveraging our reputation as world leaders in atmospheric monitoring and research to support the nation's counterterrorism efforts. PNNL, in conjunction with the federal government, is making a large investment in developing infrared sensors to detect and identify chemicals in the atmosphere and on surfaces, and to measure aerosols, particulates, winds, water vapor and temperatures in the atmosphere. Developing these sensors is key to detecting proliferation of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons.
Streamlining the military
PNNL is supporting the military as it moves from a Cold War environment with well-known adversaries to a warfare environment with many potential adversaries that are not well known, such as the many groups involved in the war in Iraq. We are helping the Army define its future support and logistics needs, both from an operations and technology standpoint.
In addition, we're helping the nation face the challenges associated with keeping weapons systems in inventory much longer than originally anticipated. By focusing on automated prognostics and diagnostics, we are inserting new technologies that allow weapons systems or subsystems to continuously monitor themselves and provide valuable information about their health and readiness. These technologies provide assurance that aging systems are in good working order or can alert people to potential problems so maintenance or repairs can be scheduled.
Taking a systems approach
The scientists and engineers behind our research are exceptional at accessing and integrating the broad technology base and capabilities that exist throughout PNNL. The power of this Laboratory is our ability to bring all of our capabilities together in multidisciplinary teams focused on our clients' needs.
Our ability to integrate across disciplines allows us to take a systems approach to solving problems. We can focus on one aspect of a problem or come up with a systems solution that addresses various aspects of the problem, ranging from early detection to decision-making and taking action.
Winning the war on terrorism and securing our homeland will take many years. To ensure that we grow our pool of scientists and engineers, who bring with them new ideas and new perspectives, we implemented a pilot program this year to train more people. The National Security Internship Program attracts and trains students in nuclear science, electrical engineering, computer science, physics and chemistry. Fostering young minds will ensure the security of this nation's future.
http://www.eurekalert.org/features/doe/2004-02/dnnl-sat021704.php
U.S. Department of Energy
RESEARCHNEWS


Summary:
This article mainly illustrates how Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) works in developing science and technology to strengthen America to defend itself against terrorism from the following five aspects. First of all, it helps to identify terrorism signatures. After receiving its training, border enforcement officials are more efficient in preventing smuggling of chemical or nuclear materials across borders, and its wonderful organizations with advanced systems and sensors can also protect air and seaports from being attacked. Secondly, PNNL is responsible to lay the groundwork for innovation. At this aspect, it not only provides contacts among many homeland security—related research centers but also is establishing its own department with the help of science, technology, industry and government to enable the country to meet the challenge of terrorism. Thirdly, PNNL can collect, manage, synthesize, analyze and communicate data from multiple sources and in this way can the next generation of information visualization tools be anticipated. Fourthly, apart from the functions mentioned above, the significant part it plays in rationalizing the military cannot be ignored, either. There are two points here: One is that with its assistance in defining future support and logistics needs, the Army is more capable in adapting to the warfare environment in which many potential adversaries rather than actual enemies just like the cold war environment exist; the other role it serves here is to keep weapons systems in inventory longer and check their health automatically through new technology. Last but not the least, PNNL can take a systems approach to solving problems, which means just focusing on one aspect of a problem but coming up with a solution addressing various aspects. In summary, with so many scientific and technical advantages, PNNL plays a significant role in helping America fight against terrorism.


Reference:
Science and technology on the front line against terrorism. (2004).
Retrieved February, 2004, from
http://www.eurekalert.org/features/doe/2004-02/dnnl-sat021704.php